¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
² ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
21 ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
15 ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
25 ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
5 ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
5 ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.
19 ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ʳᵉᶜᵘʳˢⁱᵒⁿ.
9 /\ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉˢ ʷⁱˡˡ ᵍᵉᵗ ʸᵒᵘ ¹ ᵍᵒˡᵈ ᵖⁱᵉᶜᵉ.


Pieces from a collection of all original D&D magic music in the style of fantasy fusion (Celtic, Medieval, and Neoclassical music), themed for a “Mage Guild” or “Wizard Guild” that sounds like TTRPG/DnD magic school music, wizard tower music, or medieval/fantasy library music. This long playlist/compilation for gaming, studying, reading, and writing takes themes from enchantment, stars, and magic.

The Mages Guild of Brestor was a coalition of some of the brightest, boldest, and most courageous magical practitioners in Alaeria. The organization, formed 1600 years before the Alaerian Cataclysm, dedicated itself to safeguarding Brestor’s magical interests right from the seat of the ancient capital city.

The background art is by the talented artist Robin Tran (https://www.deviantart.com/robintran/....

Thank you for listening to Medieval D&D TTRPG Market Village Hamlet Town tavern music for roleplaying, gaming, studying, sleep, etc.