Marleen Asberg studied at the Sweelinck Conservatory in Amsterdam with Herman Krebbers. She won first prize twice at the Iordens Viooldagen in The Hague and the coveted Zilveren Vriendenkrans award, and made it to the final round of the 1987 Oskar Back National Violin Competition. She joined the Concertgebouw Orchestra in 1991, even before graduating with honours from the conservatory.

Asberg is a frequent performer of chamber music and regularly performs as a member of various ensembles. She has played first violin in the Ebony Band since 1992. She has given solo performances with Het Gelders Orkest and Nieuw Sinfonietta.

Since 2015 Marleen Asberg plays on a violin from the instrument collection of Foundation Concertgebouworkest, a J.B. Guadagnini violin built in 175, previously played on by concertmasters Viktor Libermann and Alexander Kerr.